GUEST SPEAKER: Joan and John Black, Tacsi Assistive Systems
TOPIC: Available Technology: getting the most out of modern technology for the hearing impaired.
Joan and John Black graciously joined us to discuss the technology. Joan wears a cochlear implant herself, and speaks from experience. They began by explaining that there are 4 goals or types of assistive technology, including those that:
1) Stretch the performance of hearing aids
2) Minimize background noise
3) Minimize the effects of distance
4) Override acoustics
Examples include:
1) Hardware (T-coil)
2) FM system
3) Infrared and induction loop
A T-coil is a small loop of wire inside (!!some!!) hearing aids which can act as a receiver to transmit clear sound despite background noise or feedback. If used with a hearing aid compatible (HAC) telephone, the phone can be easily used at the ear without feedback, with clear transmission of sound, when the hearing aid t-coil switch is on. The aids can also be switched to cut out backround noise while the coil is in use.
If there is insufficient phone volume, an in-line amplifier can be added to the phone. IN addition, the phone company can turn up the volume of things like voice announce caller-ID from their end. All phones can be increased in volume one way or another.
Another way to use the t-coil when volume is needed (not necessarily on the phone) is to use a neckloop or a sillouette. These create a magnetic field then plug into the phone, radio, etc, and transmit to the t-coil.
Of note, Bluetooth is not quite there but up-and-coming for assistance for the HI. Also, cell phones are about 50% HAC. IPod is not HAC thus far.
The Blacks then spoke about more hints regarding phone use, and then moved on to other sound issues in the home. They discussed the need for visual notification of everything: doorbell, phone ringing, fire alarms, etc. They recommended “sonicalert”, a light system which can flash differently depending on the source of the issue. Smoke detectors are particularly important.
The Blacks also wanted to be sure that we knew about several resources:
www.ncrelaycc.com-- internet relay conference captioning (free)
captel—captioned telephone service
NCTEDP—NC Telecommunications Equipment Dist. Program- assists in obtaining a hearing aid or telephone which is HAC.
ANNOUNCEMENTS: AGBell Convention: Somethin' BIG is Brewing in Milwaukee, June 27-30, 2008
Pam Bensimhon & Crystal Rierson
Co-leaders, Triad HITCH-UP
www.triadhitchup.com
Sunday, April 20, 2008
Thursday, April 3, 2008
Triad HITCH-UP Meeting Highlights 3/26/08
OPEN DISCUSSION MEETING
NEXT MEETING: Tuesday, April 29, 2008. Erin Lucas and Terri Burcham from Beginnings are coming to discuss IEPs and advocating for your child.
ANNOUNCEMENTS: AGBell Convention: Somethin' BIG is Brewing in Milwaukee, June 27-30, 2008
Pam Bensimhon & Crystal Rierson
Co-leaders, Triad HITCH-UP
www.triadhitchup.com
NEXT MEETING: Tuesday, April 29, 2008. Erin Lucas and Terri Burcham from Beginnings are coming to discuss IEPs and advocating for your child.
ANNOUNCEMENTS: AGBell Convention: Somethin' BIG is Brewing in Milwaukee, June 27-30, 2008
Pam Bensimhon & Crystal Rierson
Co-leaders, Triad HITCH-UP
www.triadhitchup.com
Monday, February 18, 2008
Triad HITCH-UP Meeting Highlights 1/29/08
GUEST SPEAKER: Michele Neal, Office of Education Services, Resource Support Program
TOPIC: Literacy for Children with Hearing Loss: Nuts and Bolts
Michele joined us for a very interesting, informative discussion of literacy and language development. She began by discussing audiograms and knowing where your child stands. This includes knowing where they fall on the Auditory Learning Guide (Sound awareness, or phoneme, discourse, sentence, or word level). She then reviewed expressive language development over the infant and preschool years. She stressed that Auditory and Language Development are prescursory skills for reading. Michele then moved on to discuss reading.
Michele discussed the findings of the National Reading Panel, including 5 areas of focus required for successfully teaching children to read, numbered below.
1) Phonemic awareness
the ability to hear, identify and manipulate the individual sounds in spoken words
2) Phonics
phonic instruction helps children learn the relationships b/n letters and sounds, and leads to understanding of the systematic and predictable relationships b/n written and spoken lang (ie, when a vowel is followed by another, the first one says its name). Helps in word recognition, spelling and reading comprehension.
**Without phonemic awareness and phonics instruction, decoding of unfamiliar words is difficult, limiting vocab (must depend of sight words), fluency, and comprehension.**
3) Vocabulary
Refers to Oral, Aural and Print vocab.
** At the start of Kindergarten, the best predictor of reading achievement in grades 3 and up is ORAL vocab, (both receptive and expressive)
Studies of the effects of oral language weakness on reading growth were impressive, showing that a small difference in Kindergarten translates into a very significant difference later. A study evaluating the achievement gap strongly suggests that the gap between these groups expands seriously with time, and is difficult to overcome even with intervention later. This is due to several things, including:
To go from 8000 words known by the kindergartener to the 40,000 known (on average) at HS gradauation, children must learn 7 words a day (3000 per year from 3-12th grades)
IF kids can be brought to grade level in the 1st 3 yrs of school, they can generally stay at grade level thereafter.
4)Fluency
less attention required for decoding, and better vocab base leads to more attention focused on comprehension
5) Text comprehension
the process of extracting or constructing meaning (building new meanings and integrating old info) from words once they have been identified
RECOMMENDATIONS:
Know what your child can/can’t hear, their langage level, and their vocab level
Know of their reading program is explicit, systematic, and sequential
Advocate for additional services
READ, READ, READ
Resources were also provided and can be made available (call or email if you want some!)
Parents/Others Present:
Leslie Wolfe
Marty and Leigh Reeves
Arthur & Tracy Tastet
Jenny Ball
Loretta and Matthew Slozer
Pam Bensimhon
Chris & Crystal Rierson
Mary Compton
Diane Doak
Ann McNally
UNCG Auditory-Oral Birth-12 program students (at meeting/ babysitting, below): Stephanie Butner, Erika Likens, Doug Price, Amber Lindgren, Wendy Baber, Lindsey Knopp
Children Present:
**A big thank you to the UNCG Auditory-Oral Birth-12 program students!!**
Collin and Hannah Tastet
Angeleah Reeves
McKenna Slozer and her 4 sibs
Thanks to Lesley Wolfe for bringing refreshments for the parents and children. Chris and Crystal Rierson are signed up to bring snacks for the Febuary meeting.
NEXT MEETING: Tuesday, February 26, 2008. John and Joan Black will be discussing available technology for the hearing impaired
ANNOUNCEMENTS: AGBell Convention: Somethin' BIG is Brewing in Milwaukee, June 27-30, 2008
Pam Bensimhon & Crystal Rierson
Co-leaders, Triad HITCH-UP
www.triadhitchup.com
TOPIC: Literacy for Children with Hearing Loss: Nuts and Bolts
Michele joined us for a very interesting, informative discussion of literacy and language development. She began by discussing audiograms and knowing where your child stands. This includes knowing where they fall on the Auditory Learning Guide (Sound awareness, or phoneme, discourse, sentence, or word level). She then reviewed expressive language development over the infant and preschool years. She stressed that Auditory and Language Development are prescursory skills for reading. Michele then moved on to discuss reading.
Michele discussed the findings of the National Reading Panel, including 5 areas of focus required for successfully teaching children to read, numbered below.
1) Phonemic awareness
the ability to hear, identify and manipulate the individual sounds in spoken words
2) Phonics
phonic instruction helps children learn the relationships b/n letters and sounds, and leads to understanding of the systematic and predictable relationships b/n written and spoken lang (ie, when a vowel is followed by another, the first one says its name). Helps in word recognition, spelling and reading comprehension.
**Without phonemic awareness and phonics instruction, decoding of unfamiliar words is difficult, limiting vocab (must depend of sight words), fluency, and comprehension.**
3) Vocabulary
Refers to Oral, Aural and Print vocab.
** At the start of Kindergarten, the best predictor of reading achievement in grades 3 and up is ORAL vocab, (both receptive and expressive)
Studies of the effects of oral language weakness on reading growth were impressive, showing that a small difference in Kindergarten translates into a very significant difference later. A study evaluating the achievement gap strongly suggests that the gap between these groups expands seriously with time, and is difficult to overcome even with intervention later. This is due to several things, including:
To go from 8000 words known by the kindergartener to the 40,000 known (on average) at HS gradauation, children must learn 7 words a day (3000 per year from 3-12th grades)
IF kids can be brought to grade level in the 1st 3 yrs of school, they can generally stay at grade level thereafter.
4)Fluency
less attention required for decoding, and better vocab base leads to more attention focused on comprehension
5) Text comprehension
the process of extracting or constructing meaning (building new meanings and integrating old info) from words once they have been identified
RECOMMENDATIONS:
Know what your child can/can’t hear, their langage level, and their vocab level
Know of their reading program is explicit, systematic, and sequential
Advocate for additional services
READ, READ, READ
Resources were also provided and can be made available (call or email if you want some!)
Parents/Others Present:
Leslie Wolfe
Marty and Leigh Reeves
Arthur & Tracy Tastet
Jenny Ball
Loretta and Matthew Slozer
Pam Bensimhon
Chris & Crystal Rierson
Mary Compton
Diane Doak
Ann McNally
UNCG Auditory-Oral Birth-12 program students (at meeting/ babysitting, below): Stephanie Butner, Erika Likens, Doug Price, Amber Lindgren, Wendy Baber, Lindsey Knopp
Children Present:
**A big thank you to the UNCG Auditory-Oral Birth-12 program students!!**
Collin and Hannah Tastet
Angeleah Reeves
McKenna Slozer and her 4 sibs
Thanks to Lesley Wolfe for bringing refreshments for the parents and children. Chris and Crystal Rierson are signed up to bring snacks for the Febuary meeting.
NEXT MEETING: Tuesday, February 26, 2008. John and Joan Black will be discussing available technology for the hearing impaired
ANNOUNCEMENTS: AGBell Convention: Somethin' BIG is Brewing in Milwaukee, June 27-30, 2008
Pam Bensimhon & Crystal Rierson
Co-leaders, Triad HITCH-UP
www.triadhitchup.com
Thursday, January 10, 2008
BHI Study Suggests Children with Hearing Loss Not Being Adequately Served
BHI Study Suggests Children with Hearing Loss Not Being Adequately Served
Alexandria , VA — An estimated 1.4 million youth have hearing loss, but only 12% wear hearing devices, according to a national study released by the Better Hearing Institute (BHI).
Originally published in the September edition of The Hearing Review, the study shows that untreated hearing loss among young people leads to social, emotional, behavioral, and learning difficulties. Three out of four parents indicated their child experienced "minor" to "serious" problems due to their hearing loss. The most serious problems experienced were:
Social skills (52%)
Grades in school and language development (50%)
Emotional health (42%)
Relationships with peers (38%)
Self-esteem (37%)
Relationships with family (36%)
The study was conducted among a national sample of the parents of 225 youth from infancy to age 21, all of whom were reported to have hearing loss by their parents. Hearing loss was detected in physicians' offices (51%), school (18%), and audiologists' offices (17%). Only 7% were identified in hospitals through newborn screening.
Parents expressed a number of reasons why they chose not to provide hearing devices for their children with hearing loss. The most frequent reasons included:
Parents' minimized, denied, or in some instances even neglected, their child's hearing loss.
Pediatricians, audiologists, family physicians or otolaryngologists sometimes provided conflicting advice or advice based on misinformation (eg, hearing aids were not needed for hearing loss in one ear or high frequency hearing loss could not be helped with hearing aids.)
Three in 10 (32%) parents expressed concern about how others might perceive their child if he/she wore hearing devices.
One out of five (22%) parents said they were unable to afford hearing devices.
"Children need to be able to hear, not just in the classroom, but also because hearing affects language competence, cognitive development, social and emotional well-being, and academic achievement," said Sergei Kochkin, Ph.D., executive director of BHI. "Children who cannot hear well — that is, when their hearing loss is untreated or under-treated — could face a life of underperformance and broken dreams."
The scientific literature is clear that untreated hearing loss affects nearly all dimensions of the human experience. And the pediatric literature demonstrates that even children with "minimal" hearing loss are at risk academically compared to their normal hearing peers.
"Based on our findings, I am concerned that a sizeable population of young people in America is being left behind because they do not fit existing paradigms of hearing disability," says otolaryngologist Dr. William Luxford of the House Ear Clinic, a BHI Board member and co-author of the study. "We need a fundamental re-examination of the current hearing health policies and protocols influencing America 's children with hearing loss."
The authors of this study which also included Dr. Jerry Northern (Professor Emeritus at the University of Colorado School of Medicine), Pam Mason (Director of Audiology professional practices at the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association) and Dr. Anne Marie Tharpe (Professor of Audiology at the Vanderbilt School of Medicine) concluded that specific issues that should be addressed include:
Do educators, medical doctors, and hearing healthcare professionals systematically overlook the needs of young people with minor or moderate degrees of hearing loss?
Is the prevalence of treatable hearing loss among children under-represented in the US when subjective methodology (e.g. parental awareness) is used to assess hearing loss? Objective research indicates that more than 10% of children may have early evidence of noise induced hearing loss.
Are pediatricians sufficiently trained on audiological diagnostic techniques and hearing device solutions to accurately measure hearing loss in children and to advise parents on appropriate treatment options?
Do parents have viable options of paying for hearing aids for their children if they cannot personally afford them?
Is there a way to mitigate the negative perception of hearing aids in the schoolroom?
How can we strengthen audiological advocacy to assure that infants failing newborn screenings receive timely follow-up for their hearing loss?
Source: BHI
Original Article
MarkeTrak VII: Are 1 Million Dependents with Hearing Loss in America Being Left Behind? by Sergei Kochkin, PhD; William Luxford, MD; Jerry L. Northern, PhD; Pam Mason, MEd; and Anne Marie Tharpe, PhD. September 2007 HR.
Related Articles
Newborn Hearing Screening Follow-Up: The Essential Next Step, by Michael A. Primus, PhD. January 2005 HR.
Parent Involvement: The Magic Ingredient in Successful Child Outcomes, by Karen Anderson, PhD. November 2002 HR.
Alexandria , VA — An estimated 1.4 million youth have hearing loss, but only 12% wear hearing devices, according to a national study released by the Better Hearing Institute (BHI).
Originally published in the September edition of The Hearing Review, the study shows that untreated hearing loss among young people leads to social, emotional, behavioral, and learning difficulties. Three out of four parents indicated their child experienced "minor" to "serious" problems due to their hearing loss. The most serious problems experienced were:
Social skills (52%)
Grades in school and language development (50%)
Emotional health (42%)
Relationships with peers (38%)
Self-esteem (37%)
Relationships with family (36%)
The study was conducted among a national sample of the parents of 225 youth from infancy to age 21, all of whom were reported to have hearing loss by their parents. Hearing loss was detected in physicians' offices (51%), school (18%), and audiologists' offices (17%). Only 7% were identified in hospitals through newborn screening.
Parents expressed a number of reasons why they chose not to provide hearing devices for their children with hearing loss. The most frequent reasons included:
Parents' minimized, denied, or in some instances even neglected, their child's hearing loss.
Pediatricians, audiologists, family physicians or otolaryngologists sometimes provided conflicting advice or advice based on misinformation (eg, hearing aids were not needed for hearing loss in one ear or high frequency hearing loss could not be helped with hearing aids.)
Three in 10 (32%) parents expressed concern about how others might perceive their child if he/she wore hearing devices.
One out of five (22%) parents said they were unable to afford hearing devices.
"Children need to be able to hear, not just in the classroom, but also because hearing affects language competence, cognitive development, social and emotional well-being, and academic achievement," said Sergei Kochkin, Ph.D., executive director of BHI. "Children who cannot hear well — that is, when their hearing loss is untreated or under-treated — could face a life of underperformance and broken dreams."
The scientific literature is clear that untreated hearing loss affects nearly all dimensions of the human experience. And the pediatric literature demonstrates that even children with "minimal" hearing loss are at risk academically compared to their normal hearing peers.
"Based on our findings, I am concerned that a sizeable population of young people in America is being left behind because they do not fit existing paradigms of hearing disability," says otolaryngologist Dr. William Luxford of the House Ear Clinic, a BHI Board member and co-author of the study. "We need a fundamental re-examination of the current hearing health policies and protocols influencing America 's children with hearing loss."
The authors of this study which also included Dr. Jerry Northern (Professor Emeritus at the University of Colorado School of Medicine), Pam Mason (Director of Audiology professional practices at the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association) and Dr. Anne Marie Tharpe (Professor of Audiology at the Vanderbilt School of Medicine) concluded that specific issues that should be addressed include:
Do educators, medical doctors, and hearing healthcare professionals systematically overlook the needs of young people with minor or moderate degrees of hearing loss?
Is the prevalence of treatable hearing loss among children under-represented in the US when subjective methodology (e.g. parental awareness) is used to assess hearing loss? Objective research indicates that more than 10% of children may have early evidence of noise induced hearing loss.
Are pediatricians sufficiently trained on audiological diagnostic techniques and hearing device solutions to accurately measure hearing loss in children and to advise parents on appropriate treatment options?
Do parents have viable options of paying for hearing aids for their children if they cannot personally afford them?
Is there a way to mitigate the negative perception of hearing aids in the schoolroom?
How can we strengthen audiological advocacy to assure that infants failing newborn screenings receive timely follow-up for their hearing loss?
Source: BHI
Original Article
MarkeTrak VII: Are 1 Million Dependents with Hearing Loss in America Being Left Behind? by Sergei Kochkin, PhD; William Luxford, MD; Jerry L. Northern, PhD; Pam Mason, MEd; and Anne Marie Tharpe, PhD. September 2007 HR.
Related Articles
Newborn Hearing Screening Follow-Up: The Essential Next Step, by Michael A. Primus, PhD. January 2005 HR.
Parent Involvement: The Magic Ingredient in Successful Child Outcomes, by Karen Anderson, PhD. November 2002 HR.
Friday, November 30, 2007
Triad HITCH-UP Meeting Highlights 11/27/07
We had a great open discussion meeting. Thanks to everyone who attended!
We wish everyone a wonderful holiday season, and look forward to seeing everyone on January 29, 2008!
Meanwhile, we have 3 group members who are awaiting cochlear implants in the next few months. They are in our thoughts and we hope everything goes well for al of them!
We wish everyone a wonderful holiday season, and look forward to seeing everyone on January 29, 2008!
Meanwhile, we have 3 group members who are awaiting cochlear implants in the next few months. They are in our thoughts and we hope everything goes well for al of them!
Friday, November 16, 2007
Triad HITCH-UP Meeting Highlights 10/30/07
GUEST SPEAKER: Beth Whitfield, M. Ed, CASTLE Program Coordinator
TOPIC: Parenting an HI child: Behavior, therapy, and balancing it all.
This past week Beth came and spoke about parenting an HI child with AV therapy and how to incorporate therapy into different segments of your life other than your traditional "table time". Using those 5 minutes of short attention spans while your are cooking, reading, playing, waiting for dinner at a restaurant, brushing teeth, or whenever you can do 1 quick activity. Also remembering that therapy needs to remain fun and exciting for both the parents and children; keep it silly and fun and the kids forget you are "doing therapy" and learn more meaningfully. Thanks to Beth for her time and wonderful presentation!!!
Parents Present:
Leslie Wolfe
Marty and Leigh Reeves
Arthur & Tracy Tastet
Pam Bensimhon
Chris & Crystal Rierson
Joey, Lisa, and Anthony - UNCG Deaf Ed students
Children Present: (A big thank you to Lindsey from Bizi Kidz!!!)
Collin and Hannah Tastet
Angeleah Reeves
Thanks to Pam Bensimhon for bringing refreshments for the parents and children. The Tastet's are signed up to bring snacks for the November meeting.
NEXT MEETING: Tuesday, November 27, 2007. We will be having an open discussion forum. We hope all can attend.
ANNOUNCEMENTS:
11/8 - 11/9/07 - 13th Annual Hear 'n' Now Conference 2007
Caraway Conference Center, Asheboro, NC ...Presented by CCCDP and NC AG Bell
Contact Robert Humphreys at CASTLE for more information - rhumphre@unch.unc.edu or 919.419.1449
11/ 14/07 - CARE Cochlear Implant Webinar
Online at www.bionicear.com on 11/14/07 12:00 PM
AG Bell 2008 Convention
Milwaukee, Wis. on 06/27/08
Pam Bensimhon & Crystal Rierson
Co-leaders, Triad HITCH-UP
www.triadhitchup.com
TOPIC: Parenting an HI child: Behavior, therapy, and balancing it all.
This past week Beth came and spoke about parenting an HI child with AV therapy and how to incorporate therapy into different segments of your life other than your traditional "table time". Using those 5 minutes of short attention spans while your are cooking, reading, playing, waiting for dinner at a restaurant, brushing teeth, or whenever you can do 1 quick activity. Also remembering that therapy needs to remain fun and exciting for both the parents and children; keep it silly and fun and the kids forget you are "doing therapy" and learn more meaningfully. Thanks to Beth for her time and wonderful presentation!!!
Parents Present:
Leslie Wolfe
Marty and Leigh Reeves
Arthur & Tracy Tastet
Pam Bensimhon
Chris & Crystal Rierson
Joey, Lisa, and Anthony - UNCG Deaf Ed students
Children Present: (A big thank you to Lindsey from Bizi Kidz!!!)
Collin and Hannah Tastet
Angeleah Reeves
Thanks to Pam Bensimhon for bringing refreshments for the parents and children. The Tastet's are signed up to bring snacks for the November meeting.
NEXT MEETING: Tuesday, November 27, 2007. We will be having an open discussion forum. We hope all can attend.
ANNOUNCEMENTS:
11/8 - 11/9/07 - 13th Annual Hear 'n' Now Conference 2007
Caraway Conference Center, Asheboro, NC ...Presented by CCCDP and NC AG Bell
Contact Robert Humphreys at CASTLE for more information - rhumphre@unch.unc.edu or 919.419.1449
11/ 14/07 - CARE Cochlear Implant Webinar
Online at www.bionicear.com on 11/14/07 12:00 PM
AG Bell 2008 Convention
Milwaukee, Wis. on 06/27/08
Pam Bensimhon & Crystal Rierson
Co-leaders, Triad HITCH-UP
www.triadhitchup.com
Friday, September 28, 2007
Triad HITCH-UP Meeting Highlights 9/25/07
Guest Speaker: Patricia Roush, AuD, Dept. of Otolaryngology
University of North Carolina School of Medicine
This week Pat Roush graciously joined us to share a glimpse of her
uncommon pediatric audiologic expertise. We had a wonderful, informal
discussion; it is hard to recount all we talked about! Here are some of the
discussion points: Pat began by reviewing the genetics of hearing loss,
referring to a lecture given by Walter
Nance at a recent Audiology meeting. Of hearing impaired children of
hearing parents, 55% have a genetic etiology, and, of these, 25% are caused by
mutations in the Conexin 26 gene. There are upwards of 100 other known genetic
mutations that make up the remaining genetic cases. Among cases of congential
hearing loss, 50% are syndromic and 50% are non-syndromic. Prenatal CMV is
another common cause of congenital hearing loss. Pat also discussed
the audiogram, including degrees of hearing loss, complexities of the
audiogram, and the effects of various types of loss on speech
development. Finally, she briefly discussed appropriate use of
cochlear implants, such as at what point children are candidates, and how the
processing is different for each child.
Parents Present:
Leslie Wolfe
Sandy Burnette
Marty and Leigh Reeves
Jenny Ball
Arthur & Tracy Tastet
Loretta & Matthew Slozer
Pam Bensimhon
Chris & Crystal Rierson
Joey and Lisa, UNCG Deaf Ed students
Children Present: (A big thank you to Katherine Breeze and Adam
Bensimhon)
Collin and Hannah Tastet
Eli, Zack, Allie and Jake Bensimhon
The Slozer quads and McKenna
Angeleah Reeves
Thanks to Leigh and Marty Reeves for bringing refreshments for the
parents and children to this week’s meeting. Pamela Bensimhon is
signed up to bring snacks to the next meeting.
Our next meeting will be Tuesday, October 30, 2007. Our speaker will
be Beth Whitfield, M. Ed, Certified AVT, CASTLE Program Coordinator.
We hope that all can attend.
ANNOUNCEMENT: Don't forget our FALL FESTIVAL will be Saturday, Oct.
20 from 4-7pm @ Fourth of July Park in Kernersville in Shelter #3.
Located at 702 W. Mountain Street. We will be celebrating the fall
with pumpkin painting and a cookout. Please RSVP to Crystal at
crierson24@triad.rr.com or 449-9948. THIS IS A LOCATION CHANGE FROM OUR
PREVIOUS ANNOUNCEMENT
Pam Bensimhon, Crystal Rierson, Rhonda Shronts
Co-leaders, Triad Area HITCH-UP
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